International Management Occupied a Global Space

Question: Describe about the International Management for Occupied a Global Space. Answer: The Internet has occupied a global space. Culture, on the other hand, is specific to a country or even to a state. Culture and the Internet stand in the opposite direction to each other. In todays time internet is negatively influencing the growth of culture. People are becoming more and more addicted to the internet and they are getting all the information and services from the internet. In this process, culture is losing its value and aura (Dawson, Lorne and Douglas E 2013). It can be said that the internet affects culture more. Culture comprises of customs, rituals, fashion, food and many other things. Some examples can be cited to illustrate that how the internet is affecting culture. Use of the internet is affecting the real life groups, associations, education, and economy. Instead of going to some gatherings people can, now communicate through chat, email, Whatsapp and so on. With the increase in global business, there may be some conflicts in workplaces since people from different culture and communities work in an organization. However, we can discuss the various forms of operational conflicts that might happen in an organization. People from different countries value time in different ways. Not all value the importance of reaching somewhere or doing some work on time (Trueba et al. 2014). For, examples the North Americans are very definite about their time. If someone reaches late for an interview, then the probability is that he will not get the job. On the contrary, the Latin Americans do not have much consideration for time. The definition and meaning of individualism also change with place and culture. In some countries, employees are free to work individually but in China, working together is what they advocate in organizations. The stereotypes that the foreigners have about Australians are quite age-old and illogical. It is said by many that the Australia has very less population. However, it is sparsely populated in rural areas, but the major cities of Australia have a huge number of people. The cities have people from different parts of the world and with each passing days the population is growing (Chan, Hock-Thye and Suzanne 2013). Thinking, Australia to be an island country many foreigners think that it has scanty population but the fact is not so. Apart from these, another stereotype that the foreigners have about Australians is that the Australians are self-centric. Australia has people from different culture and communities. Different festivals are also celebrated in Australia. Foreigners also think that Australians live a very relaxed life by the beach. These assumptions of the foreigners are based on their vague information about Australia. I think the foreigners are boastful in nature, extravagan t and have shallow knowledge. The role of social media is immense in promoting business communication. The social sites help in targeting the right audience in an effective way and build a relationship between the consumers and the brand. It helps the consumers to leave their comments and likes which create a transparent relation between the company and the customers. In social sites like Instagram, Facebook, and Youtube a company can post the pictures and information of their products or services, which are designed in a very lucrative way. The social sites often provide ads about the services of products of some brand, with catchy statements and taglines. This generates hype among the public and thereby the brand automatically becomes very popular (Schwartz 2013). Social media and business communication thus goes hand in hand and is always interdependent. Language and culture are interrelated. Different ideas, views, and thoughts are exchanged through language. However, it is often seen that when a baby is born, the baby learns about the surrounding culture through the language that is spoken. Societal culture is communicated through language. However, it is often found that people from the same language tend to miscommunication. This happens because language may remain same of a region, but culture may vary from person. Culture has the connection with a person's upbringing, history, his family tradition and so on (Bonvillain 2013). Therefore, based on this, a person can have a unique cultural value, and someone else can have some other cultural value based on his or her upbringing and so on. This is how people from the same language community interpret or understand in different ways. Cultural diversity plays a major role in comprehending body language. For example, in U.S.A eye contact is necessary and is taken as a positive sign in conveying interest and confidence (Banks 2015). Whereas prolong eye contact between a man and a woman in the Middle East is something wrong or is not desirable. Then there are even some cultures where a woman should always look downwards while talking to a man. The same type of body language in some other culture is seen to be something disrespectful. In some countries, small gestures play a major role (Wiewiora et al. 2013). For example, in China being serious is something normal whereas in India being serious is not desirable. In the office, these type of communication can either negatively or positively affect the business relationship. A good facial expression of a manager towards an employee can positively affect their relationship. Whereas an angry expression can unsettle things between them. Non-verbal communication is a very powerful means of communication. It includes facial expression, smiles and so on (Chira 2014). However, one has to be very cautious while using non-verbal mode of communication in different cultural setup. A prior knowledge of the culture and their customs is necessary to use non-verbal communication. It is necessary to evade any miscommunication and misunderstanding. So, while communicating via gestures, handshakes, nodding of head one has to know about the effect of such communication in that cultural setup. In China, their smile is at times very confusing, since at times when they are in some problem they keep on smiling to evade the embarrassment of the situation. Therefore, the use of non-verbal communication is not uniform everywhere and varies with diverse cultural setups. However, in almost all cultures angry face, sad face and so on has the same meaning. Risk tolerance varies from one culture to another. It is said that people with more endurance power have the ability to tolerate more risks or challenges. Across the world, there are people from different culture and background, and that decide their risk taking ability (Frijns 2013). People from Japan and Netherlands have a low tolerance towards risk. Whereas people from other parts of the world like Germany, Austria, and Belgium has more challenging attitude and can handle risky situations better than the rest. However, the ability to take risks or challenges affects the decision of managers or the management team in an organization. The risk taking ability plays a vital role in an organization and can be helpful in many ways (Hall et al. 2013). It can enable an organization to have a successful business venture. It can help an organization to hire good employees for a reasonable pay. It helps a manager to take some individual decisions and implementation of it. Germany being a country where people are mostly fine with taking risks or challenges they would not negotiate with others point of view (Heineck, Guido and Bernd 2013). Risk taking in an organization mainly affects the financial aspect of the company. A German manager in an organization would not negotiate with something that is not conducive for the growth of their business. The individual decision is something that a German manager can practice. Suppose I offer a German company a deal that is to be bought at quite a high rate. The German's would try to buy the deal at a lower price. As the German people make decisions based on the need of the industry, they do not much care about the bond of friendship in business. However, in such situation, I would try to pursue them through business meetings and making them understand the benefits of the deal and would try to build a rapport with them to have a successful business deal. Entry strategy refers to building a new trade relation with a new country. Exporting is advantageous because whatever goods are produced are all from the home country and bear less risk of financial loss in the overseas market and helps to understand the demand of the goods in the overseas market (Leih, Sohvi and David 2014). Countries like Zambia and some others are motivated to export their goods to grow their global market and earn revenues. The responsibility of doing the work fully depends on the contractor. Some of the Asian countries, as well as the Middle Eastern countries, opt for the turnkey projects since they find it helpful in producing some goods or projects. Wholly owned subsidiaries are advantageous because by adopting this policy of trade a company bears fewer chances of risks. It enables a company to have diverse businesses and in case if one business is not doing well then the parent company can rely on the other business. With the global growth of business, the idea of business expansion of a firm has good opportunities as well as some threats. The opportunities are, the firm will have a wide business expansion. There will be a global competition, and the firm will strive to do better. The firm can earn more revenue (Won, J.E and H.S 2015). The firm can build many overseas trade relations. This will, however, increase the overall visibility of the country in the world business platform. Apart from the advantages, there are some threats also for a firm to move from home-based business to global market. In an initial stage, the firm has to invest, quite a good amount of money to start with their global business, which might not be a successful one. Another threat is the issue of managing a huge workforce. The ineffective handling of the workforce can lead to business loss. Koreans are very loyal towards their culture and tradition. They are very homely and have a strong nationalistic sense (Seo et al. 2012). They mostly use cars made by their home-based manufacturers. This, however, shuns the growth of other automobile companies in Korea. Korea is a potential market for the car traders but they are quite closed culture and do not much like outside business influence. However, some strategies can be adapted to penetrate the Korean market. A company can form a joint venture with a Korean company to make a market and space in the Korean market. Joint ventures in this prospect can be an entry-level strategy. The joint venture can also help a company to understand the mindsets, likes and dislikes of the Koreans. However, apart from this, another strategy for a company would be to make a market research and reach the hearts of the Korean's by understanding their culture. Merging or collaboration is a beneficial business prospect in today's time. The reason behind this association can be many. Firstly, it is due to increase in free trade. Then there can be a support and backup. It can be helpful in creating a bigger brand and company. It can also be beneficial in reaching the world and making a mark on the global platform. Then there can be diversity in products and services. Merge up can also help in cost cutting and increase working capability of the companies. Due to merging up the production also increases and the chances of risk in a business decreases. A mutual understanding is also developed between two companies (Gomes et al. 2013). We can, however, cite some examples in this prospect. Companies like "Procter and Gambel" merged with "Gillette." Another example would be the collaboration of "Carphone Warehouse" and "Dixons." Now, the two companies after collaboration are known as "Dixons Carphone." The cross-cultural or cross-border alliance brings in some problem. The problems occur mainly due to cultural differences. However, some of them are proper management of the workforce. In this prospect, the H.R rules also come into consideration. The policies or rules cannot be uniformly implemented on all the employees. Apart from this, a conflict can happen at the management level, regarding who should have the main control over the business (Thomas, David C and Mark F 2014). This can negatively hamper the working environment in an office and initiate chaos and disturbance among the employees. To decrease the incompatibility, a company should wisely choose his partner. For this, one should know the culture of his partner company. In such cases, the board of directors selected can be from two different cultures and the H.R policies should be made keeping in mind the cultural differences (Leonard et al. 2013). Strategic implementation varies with the difference in culture and place. If the people of a country believes in working together or supports collectivism, then they would stick to their traditional views and custom. On the contrary, if the people of a country are individualistic in their approach they would take their decision based on their ideas and knowledge. The culture of a nation also influences the strategies of an organization (Barrick 2015). The collaboration of Mittal Steel and Arcelor has created one of the major steel industries in the world. In the collaboration, both the companies faced some incompatibility since they are from totally two different cultures. Arcelor had a poor view about Mittal Steels but their view changed with time and the collaboration proved to be a successful one. Due to cultural difference, France opposed the association, as France did not want a European company to tie business relation with some Asian country. References: Banks, James A.Cultural diversity and education. Routledge, 2015. Barrick, Murray R., Gary R. 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